Introduce FromLocationIndices and PutLocation

[dmathieu]

Description

This introduces the FromLocationIndices and PutLocation methods, as we have for attributes.
https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/blob/main/pdata/pprofile/attributes.go

The intent is to be able to use this to perform merging/batching of profiles.
I will be adding similar methods for the other tables once the concept of this first PR is validated.

Benchmark Results

goos: darwin
goarch: arm64
pkg: go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pprofile
cpu: Apple M1 Max
BenchmarkFromLocationIndices-10                                                  7058838               171.7 ns/op           308 B/op          7 allocs/op
BenchmarkPutLocation/with_a_new_location-10                                     47819084                24.13 ns/op           16 B/op          1 allocs/op
BenchmarkPutLocation/with_an_existing_location-10                               47871942                23.71 ns/op           16 B/op          1 allocs/op
BenchmarkPutLocation/with_a_duplicate_location-10                               49755453                23.80 ns/op           16 B/op          1 allocs/op
BenchmarkPutLocation/with_a_hundred_locations_to_loop_through-10                47431298                24.13 ns/op           16 B/op          1 allocs/op

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 83.63636% with 9 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 91.28%. Comparing base (0f0e1f6) to head (9a7335f).
Report is 15 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
pdata/pprofile/locations.go	75.00%	6 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️

❌ Your patch check has failed because the patch coverage (83.63%) is below the target coverage (95.00%). You can increase the patch coverage or adjust the target coverage.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #13150      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   91.26%   91.28%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         508      512       +4     
  Lines       28747    28790      +43     
==========================================
+ Hits        26235    26282      +47     
+ Misses       1994     1992       -2     
+ Partials      518      516       -2     

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