[WIP] First partial version of a tutorial.

.gitignore

@@ -61,3 +61,4 @@ mochi.wpu
 # Temp
 tmp/
 temp/
+doc/code/*.py

README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 Mochi
 ====
+
 Mochi is a dynamically typed programming language for functional programming and actor-style programming.
 
 Its interpreter is written in Python3. The interpreter translates a program written in Mochi to Python3's AST / bytecode.
@@ -16,6 +17,9 @@ Its interpreter is written in Python3. The interpreter translates a program writ
 - Macro, like the traditional macro of Lisp
 - Builtin functions includes functions exported by itertools module, recipes, functools module and operator module
 
+## Mailing List
+
+ https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/mochi
 
 ## Examples
 ### Factorial
@@ -36,7 +40,7 @@ def factorial:
     n: factorial(n, 1)
     0, acc: acc
     n, acc: factorial(n - 1, acc * n)
-    
+
 factorial(10000)
 # => 28462596809170545189064132121198688...
 ```
@@ -415,7 +419,7 @@ match nums([1, 2, 3]):
 
 Positive = predicate(-> $1 > 0)
 Even = predicate(-> $1 % 2 == 0)
-EvenAndPositive = predicate(-> ($1 % 2 == 0) and ($1 >= 0)) 
+EvenAndPositive = predicate(-> ($1 % 2 == 0) and ($1 >= 0))
 
 match 10:
     EvenAndPositive n: str(n) + ':Even and Positive'
@@ -560,7 +564,7 @@ show(1.0, 'msg')
 FileMode = options('r', 'w', 'a', 'r+', 'w+', 'a+')
 
 def open_file:
-    str path, FileMode mode: 
+    str path, FileMode mode:
         open(path, mode)
     str path:
         open(path, 'r')
@@ -593,7 +597,7 @@ pvector(map(-> $1 * 2, [1, 2, 3]))
 # => pvector([2, 4, 6])
 ```
 
-### Pipeline operator 
+### Pipeline operator
 ```python
 add = -> $1 + $2
 2 |> add(10) |> add(12)
@@ -679,7 +683,7 @@ foreach([1, 2, 3]) @ (item) ->
 ```python
 def foo(a, b, c):
     a + b + c
-    
+
 a = 1
 b = 2
 c = 3
@@ -738,10 +742,10 @@ x
 ```python
 module Math:
     export add, sub
-    
+
     def add(x, y):
         x + y
-    
+
     def sub(x, y):
         x - y
 

doc/code/average.mochi

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file: average.mochi
+
+def raise_missing_args(missing):
+    """Raise a TypeError showing the number of missing arguments.
+    """
+    msg = 'missing {} required argument{}'.format(
+        missing, 's' if missing > 1 else '')
+    raise TypeError(msg)
+
+def avg:
+    # Calculate the average of two or more numbers.
+    x, y, &z: (x + y + sum(z)) / (2 + len(z))
+    &args: raise_missing_args(2 - len(args))
+
+print('2, 3', avg(2, 3))
+print('2, 3, 7', avg(2, 3, 7))
+try:
+    print('2', avg(2))
+except TypeError as err:
+    print(err)
+try:
+    print('empty', avg())
+except TypeError as err:
+    print(err)

doc/code/duplicate_pattern.mochi

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# file duplicate_pattern.mochi
+
+def duplicate_pattern:
+    x, y: 'match 1'
+    a, b: 'match 2, never being reached'
+
+print(duplicate_pattern(1, 2))
+print(duplicate_pattern(10, 20))
+print(duplicate_pattern(100, 200))

doc/code/func_haskell_style.mochi

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# file func_haskell_style.mochi
+
+def show_num_args:
+    x: 'one arg: {}'.format(x)
+    x, y: 'two args: {}, {}'.format(x, y)
+    x, y, z: 'three args: {}, {}, {}'.format(x, y, z)
+    &n: '{} args'.format(len(n)) if n else 'no args'
+
+print(show_num_args())
+print(show_num_args(10))
+print(show_num_args(10, 20))
+print(show_num_args(10, 20, 30))
+print(show_num_args(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))

doc/code/func_py_style.mochi

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# file func_py_style.mochi
+
+def truncate(value, limit):
+    if value < 0:
+        0
+    elif value > limit:
+        limit
+    else:
+        value
+
+print('limit: 10')
+print('value: 7', 'result:', truncate(7, 10))
+print('value: -7', 'result:',truncate(-7, 10))
+print('value: -17', 'result:',truncate(17, 10))
+
+# vals = [7, -7, 17]
+# show = -> print('value: {:-4d} result: {:4d}'.format($1, truncate($1, 10)))
+# vals |> map(show) |> pvector()

doc/code/match_number.mochi

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# file: match_number.mochi
+
+from numbers import Number
+
+def match_number:
+    Number x: 'number'
+    &x: 'unknown'
+
+
+print('1', match_number(1))
+print('1.5', match_number(1.5))
+print('a', match_number('a'))

doc/code/match_types.mochi

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# file: match_types.mochi
+
+def match_types:
+    int x, str y: 'int str'
+    float x, int y: 'float int'
+    str x, float y: 'str float'
+    PVector pv: 'PVector'
+    &z: 'unknown'
+
+print(10, 'abc', match_types(10, 'abc'))
+print(10.5, 3, match_types(10.5, 3))
+print('a', 'b', match_types('a', 'b'))
+print([1, 2, 3], match_types([1, 2, 3]))

doc/code/mymod.mochi

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# file mymod.mochi
+
+def add(a, b):
+    a + b
+
+print(add(2, 3))

doc/code/recursive_sum.mochi

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# file: recursive_sum.mochi
+
+def sum_:
+    [head, &tail]: head + sum_(tail)
+    []: 0
+
+print(sum_([10, 20, 30.5]))
+print(sum_([]))

doc/code/recursive_sum_tail.mochi

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# file: recursive_sum_tail.mochi
+
+def sum_:
+    [head, &tail]: sum_(head, tail)
+    acc, [head, &tail]: sum_(head + acc, tail)
+    acc, []: acc
+    []: 0
+
+
+print(sum_([10, 20, 30.5]))
+print(sum_([]))
+print(sum(range(10000)))
+
+from timeit import default_timer
+dft = default_timer
+
+numbers = range(int('1' + '0' * 6))
+
+start = dft()
+f_sum = sum_(numbers)
+f_time = dft() - start
+
+start = dft()
+b_sum = sum(numbers)
+b_time = dft() - start
+
+assert f_sum == b_sum
+
+print(f_time)
+print(b_time)
+print(f_time / b_time)

doc/code/unreachable_patterns.mochi

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# file unreachable_patterns.mochi
+
+def show_num_args:
+    &n: '{} args'.format(len(n)) if n else 'no args'
+    # all following patterns will never be reached
+    x: 'one arg: {}'.format(x)
+    x, y: 'two args: {}, {}'.format(x, y)
+    x, y, z: 'three args: {}, {}, {}'.format(x, y, z)
+
+
+print(show_num_args())
+print(show_num_args(10))
+print(show_num_args(10, 20))
+print(show_num_args(10, 20, 30))
+print(show_num_args(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))