CI: Use a raw actions/cache step for vcpkg instead of the x-gha source #4461
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This is a workaround for the deprecation of the cache v1 REST API that was replaced with a new protobuf RPC based API this month. vcpkg was using the private cache backend API without the knowledge of the GitHub actions team, and was thus broken by the deprecation.
While we wait for Microsoft to talk to Microsoft to get this feature restored, we can use the raw actions/cache step to get almost the same cache behavior. The only difference is that the cache will be less fine grained than the per-package cache that VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES of x-gha was giving us before.
re: #4391
upstream: microsoft/vcpkg#45073