Update Rust crate rand to 0.9

[renovate]

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Type	Update	Change
rand (source)	dependencies	minor	0.7 -> 0.9

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Release Notes

rust-random/rand (rand)

v0.9.2

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Deprecated

• Deprecate rand::rngs::mock module and StepRng generator (#​1634)

Additions

• Enable WeightedIndex<usize> (de)serialization (#​1646)

v0.9.1

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Security and unsafe

• Revise "not a crypto library" policy again (#​1565)
• Remove zerocopy dependency from rand (#​1579)

Fixes

• Fix feature simd_support for recent nightly rust (#​1586)

Changes

• Allow fn rand::seq::index::sample_weighted and fn IndexedRandom::choose_multiple_weighted to return fewer than amount results (#​1623), reverting an undocumented change (#​1382) to the previous release.

Additions

• Add rand::distr::Alphabetic distribution. (#​1587)
• Re-export rand_core (#​1604)

v0.9.0

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Security and unsafe

• Policy: "rand is not a crypto library" (#​1514)
• Remove fork-protection from ReseedingRng and ThreadRng. Instead, it is recommended to call ThreadRng::reseed on fork. (#​1379)
• Use zerocopy to replace some unsafe code (#​1349, #​1393, #​1446, #​1502)

Dependencies

• Bump the MSRV to 1.63.0 (#​1207, #​1246, #​1269, #​1341, #​1416, #​1536); note that 1.60.0 may work for dependents when using --ignore-rust-version
• Update to rand_core v0.9.0 (#​1558)

Features

• Support std feature without getrandom or rand_chacha (#​1354)
• Enable feature small_rng by default (#​1455)
• Remove implicit feature rand_chacha; use std_rng instead. (#​1473)
• Rename feature serde1 to serde (#​1477)
• Rename feature getrandom to os_rng (#​1537)
• Add feature thread_rng (#​1547)

API changes: rand_core traits

• Add fn RngCore::read_adapter implementing std::io::Read (#​1267)
• Add trait CryptoBlockRng: BlockRngCore; make trait CryptoRng: RngCore (#​1273)
• Add traits TryRngCore, TryCryptoRng (#​1424, #​1499)
• Rename fn SeedableRng::from_rng -> try_from_rng and add infallible variant fn from_rng (#​1424)
• Rename fn SeedableRng::from_entropy -> from_os_rng and add fallible variant fn try_from_os_rng (#​1424)
• Add bounds Clone and AsRef to associated type SeedableRng::Seed (#​1491)

API changes: Rng trait and top-level fns

• Rename fn rand::thread_rng() to rand::rng() and remove from the prelude (#​1506)
• Remove fn rand::random() from the prelude (#​1506)
• Add top-level fns random_iter, random_range, random_bool, random_ratio, fill (#​1488)
• Re-introduce fn Rng::gen_iter as random_iter (#​1305, #​1500)
• Rename fn Rng::gen to random to avoid conflict with the new gen keyword in Rust 2024 (#​1438)
• Rename fns Rng::gen_range to random_range, gen_bool to random_bool, gen_ratio to random_ratio (#​1505)
• Annotate panicking methods with #[track_caller] (#​1442, #​1447)

API changes: RNGs

• Fix <SmallRng as SeedableRng>::Seed size to 256 bits (#​1455)
• Remove first parameter (rng) of ReseedingRng::new (#​1533)

API changes: Sequences

• Split trait SliceRandom into IndexedRandom, IndexedMutRandom, SliceRandom (#​1382)
• Add IndexedRandom::choose_multiple_array, index::sample_array (#​1453, #​1469)

API changes: Distributions: renames

• Rename module rand::distributions to rand::distr (#​1470)
• Rename distribution Standard to StandardUniform (#​1526)
• Move distr::Slice -> distr::slice::Choose, distr::EmptySlice -> distr::slice::Empty (#​1548)
• Rename trait distr::DistString -> distr::SampleString (#​1548)
• Rename distr::DistIter -> distr::Iter, distr::DistMap -> distr::Map (#​1548)

API changes: Distributions

• Relax Sized bound on Distribution<T> for &D (#​1278)
• Remove impl of Distribution<Option<T>> for StandardUniform (#​1526)
• Let distribution StandardUniform support all NonZero* types (#​1332)
• Fns {Uniform, UniformSampler}::{new, new_inclusive} return a Result (instead of potentially panicking) (#​1229)
• Distribution Uniform implements TryFrom instead of From for ranges (#​1229)
• Add UniformUsize (#​1487)
• Remove support for generating isize and usize values with StandardUniform, Uniform (except via UniformUsize) and Fill and usage as a WeightedAliasIndex weight (#​1487)
• Add impl DistString for distributions Slice<char> and Uniform<char> (#​1315)
• Add fn Slice::num_choices (#​1402)
• Add fn p() for distribution Bernoulli to access probability (#​1481)

API changes: Weighted distributions

• Add pub module rand::distr::weighted, moving WeightedIndex there (#​1548)
• Add trait weighted::Weight, allowing WeightedIndex to trap overflow (#​1353)
• Add fns weight, weights, total_weight to distribution WeightedIndex (#​1420)
• Rename enum WeightedError to weighted::Error, revising variants (#​1382) and mark as #[non_exhaustive] (#​1480)

API changes: SIMD

• Switch to std::simd, expand SIMD & docs (#​1239)

Reproducibility-breaking changes

• Make ReseedingRng::reseed discard remaining data from the last block generated (#​1379)
• Change fn SmallRng::seed_from_u64 implementation (#​1203)
• Allow UniformFloat::new samples and UniformFloat::sample_single to yield high (#​1462)
• Fix portability of distribution Slice (#​1469)
• Make Uniform for usize portable via UniformUsize (#​1487)
• Fix IndexdRandom::choose_multiple_weighted for very small seeds and optimize for large input length / low memory (#​1530)

Reproducibility-breaking optimisations

• Optimize fn sample_floyd, affecting output of rand::seq::index::sample and rand::seq::SliceRandom::choose_multiple (#​1277)
• New, faster algorithms for IteratorRandom::choose and choose_stable (#​1268)
• New, faster algorithms for SliceRandom::shuffle and partial_shuffle (#​1272)
• Optimize distribution Uniform: use Canon's method (single sampling) / Lemire's method (distribution sampling) for faster sampling (breaks value stability; #​1287)
• Optimize fn sample_single_inclusive for floats (+~20% perf) (#​1289)

Other optimisations

• Improve SmallRng initialization performance (#​1482)
• Optimise SIMD widening multiply (#​1247)

Other

• Add Cargo.lock.msrv file (#​1275)
• Reformat with rustfmt and enforce (#​1448)
• Apply Clippy suggestions and enforce (#​1448, #​1474)
• Move all benchmarks to new benches crate (#​1329, #​1439) and migrate to Criterion (#​1490)

Documentation

• Improve ThreadRng related docs (#​1257)
• Docs: enable experimental --generate-link-to-definition feature (#​1327)
• Better doc of crate features, use doc_auto_cfg (#​1411, #​1450)

v0.8.5

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Fixes

• Fix build on non-32/64-bit architectures (#​1144)
• Fix "min_const_gen" feature for no_std (#​1173)
• Check libc::pthread_atfork return value with panic on error (#​1178)
• More robust reseeding in case ReseedingRng is used from a fork handler (#​1178)
• Fix nightly: remove unused slice_partition_at_index feature (#​1215)
• Fix nightly + simd_support: update packed_simd (#​1216)

Rngs

• StdRng: Switch from HC128 to ChaCha12 on emscripten (#​1142).
  We now use ChaCha12 on all platforms.

Documentation

• Added docs about rand's use of const generics (#​1150)
• Better random chars example (#​1157)

v0.8.4

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Additions

• Use const-generics to support arrays of all sizes (#​1104)
• Implement Clone and Copy for Alphanumeric (#​1126)
• Add Distribution::map to derive a distribution using a closure (#​1129)
• Add Slice distribution (#​1107)
• Add DistString trait with impls for Standard and Alphanumeric (#​1133)

Other

• Reorder asserts in Uniform float distributions for easier debugging of non-finite arguments
  (#​1094, #​1108)
• Add range overflow check in Uniform float distributions (#​1108)
• Deprecate rngs::adapter::ReadRng (#​1130)

v0.8.3

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Fixes

• Fix no-std + alloc build by gating choose_multiple_weighted on std (#​1088)

v0.8.2

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Fixes

• Fix panic in UniformInt::sample_single_inclusive and Rng::gen_range when
  providing a full integer range (eg 0..=MAX) (#​1087)

v0.8.1

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Other

• Enable all stable features in the playground (#​1081)

v0.8.0

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Platform support

• The minimum supported Rust version is now 1.36 (#​1011)
• getrandom updated to v0.2 (#​1041)
• Remove wasm-bindgen and stdweb feature flags. For details of WASM support,
  see the getrandom documentation. (#​948)
• ReadRng::next_u32 and next_u64 now use little-Endian conversion instead
  of native-Endian, affecting results on Big-Endian platforms (#​1061)
• The nightly feature no longer implies the simd_support feature (#​1048)
• Fix simd_support feature to work on current nightlies (#​1056)

Rngs

• ThreadRng is no longer Copy to enable safe usage within thread-local destructors (#​1035)
• gen_range(a, b) was replaced with gen_range(a..b). gen_range(a..=b) is
  also supported. Note that a and b can no longer be references or SIMD types. (#​744, #​1003)
• Replace AsByteSliceMut with Fill and add support for [bool], [char], [f32], [f64] (#​940)
• Restrict rand::rngs::adapter to std (#​1027; see also #​928)
• StdRng: add new std_rng feature flag (enabled by default, but might need
  to be used if disabling default crate features) (#​948)
• StdRng: Switch from ChaCha20 to ChaCha12 for better performance (#​1028)
• SmallRng: Replace PCG algorithm with xoshiro{128,256}++ (#​1038)

Sequences

• Add IteratorRandom::choose_stable as an alternative to choose which does
  not depend on size hints (#​1057)
• Improve accuracy and performance of IteratorRandom::choose (#​1059)
• Implement IntoIterator for IndexVec, replacing the into_iter method (#​1007)
• Add value stability tests for seq module (#​933)

Misc

• Support PartialEq and Eq for StdRng, SmallRng and StepRng (#​979)
• Added a serde1 feature and added Serialize/Deserialize to UniformInt and WeightedIndex (#​974)
• Drop some unsafe code (#​962, #​963, #​1011)
• Reduce packaged crate size (#​983)
• Migrate to GitHub Actions from Travis+AppVeyor (#​1073)

Distributions

• Alphanumeric samples bytes instead of chars (#​935)
• Uniform now supports char, enabling rng.gen_range('A'..='Z') (#​1068)
• Add UniformSampler::sample_single_inclusive (#​1003)

Weighted sampling

• Implement weighted sampling without replacement (#​976, #​1013)
• rand::distributions::alias_method::WeightedIndex was moved to rand_distr::WeightedAliasIndex.
  The simpler alternative rand::distribution::WeightedIndex remains. (#​945)
• Improve treatment of rounding errors in WeightedIndex::update_weights (#​956)
• WeightedIndex: return error on NaN instead of panic (#​1005)

Documentation

• Document types supported by random (#​994)
• Document notes on password generation (#​995)
• Note that SmallRng may not be the best choice for performance and in some
  other cases (#​1038)
• Use doc(cfg) to annotate feature-gated items (#​1019)
• Adjust README (#​1065)

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⚠️ Artifact update problem

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The artifact failure details are included below:

File name: Cargo.lock

Command failed: cargo update --config net.git-fetch-with-cli=true --manifest-path Cargo.toml --package [email protected] --precise 0.9.2
error: failed to acquire package cache lock

Caused by:
  failed to open: /home/ubuntu/.cargo/.package-cache

Caused by:
  failed to create directory `/home/ubuntu/.cargo`

Caused by:
  File exists (os error 17)