[processor/k8sattributes] update internally stored pods with replicaset/deployment information (open-telemetry#37088)

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Ex. Adding a feature - Explain what this achieves.-->
#### Description

This PR adapts the k8sattributes processor to update its internally
stored pods with the information about their respective replica sets and
deployments, after the replica set information is received via the
informer.
This can happen during the initial sync of the processor, where it can
happen that the replica set information for existing pods is received
after the pods have already been received and stored internally.

<!-- Issue number (e.g. open-telemetry#1234) or full URL to issue, if applicable. -->
#### Link to tracking issue
Fixes open-telemetry#37056 

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#### Testing
Added unit test

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#### Documentation

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---------

Signed-off-by: Florian Bacher <[email protected]>

Author: bacherfl

.chloggen/k8sattributes-deployment-name.yaml

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+# Use this changelog template to create an entry for release notes.
+
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: bug_fix
+
+# The name of the component, or a single word describing the area of concern, (e.g. filelogreceiver)
+component: k8sattributesprocessor
+
+# A brief description of the change.  Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: Ensure the pods gathered by the processor contain the information about their related replica sets and deployments after the initial sync
+
+# Mandatory: One or more tracking issues related to the change. You can use the PR number here if no issue exists.
+issues: [37056]
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext:
+
+# If your change doesn't affect end users or the exported elements of any package,
+# you should instead start your pull request title with [chore] or use the "Skip Changelog" label.
+# Optional: The change log or logs in which this entry should be included.
+# e.g. '[user]' or '[user, api]'
+# Include 'user' if the change is relevant to end users.
+# Include 'api' if there is a change to a library API.
+# Default: '[user]'
+change_logs: []