Auto merge of #27641 - nikomatsakis:soundness-rfc-1214, r=nrc

This PR implements the majority of RFC 1214. In particular, it implements:

- the new outlives relation
- comprehensive WF checking

For the most part, new code receives warnings, not errors, though 3 regressions were found via a crater run. 

There are some deviations from RFC 1214. Most notably:

- we still consider implied bounds from fn ret; this intersects other soundness issues that I intend to address in detail in a follow-up RFC. Fixing this without breaking a lot of code probably requires rewriting compare-method somewhat (which is probably a good thing).
- object types do not check trait bounds for fear of encountering `Self`; this was left as an unresolved question in RFC 1214, but ultimately feels inconsistent.

Both of those two issues are highlighted in the tracking issue, rust-lang/rust#27579. #27579 also includes a testing matrix with new tests that I wrote -- these probably duplicate some existing tests, I tried to check but wasn't quite sure what to look for. I tried to be thorough in testing the WF relation, at least, but would welcome suggestions for missing tests.

r? @nrc (or perhaps someone else?)

Author: bors

lib.rs

@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ pub type Edges<'a,E> = Cow<'a,[E]>;
 /// `Cow<[T]>` to leave implementers the freedom to create
 /// entirely new vectors or to pass back slices into internally owned
 /// vectors.
-pub trait GraphWalk<'a, N, E> {
+pub trait GraphWalk<'a, N: Clone, E: Clone> {
     /// Returns all the nodes in this graph.
     fn nodes(&'a self) -> Nodes<'a, N>;
     /// Returns all of the edges in this graph.