diff --git a/Doc/library/pathlib.rst b/Doc/library/pathlib.rst
index b6507eb4d6fa2c..fdb5c53e20bf24 100644
--- a/Doc/library/pathlib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/pathlib.rst
@@ -702,19 +702,25 @@ call fails (for example because the path doesn't exist).
       PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib')
 
 
-.. classmethod:: Path.home()
+.. classmethod:: Path.home(user=None)
 
-   Return a new path object representing the user's home directory (as
+   Return a new path object representing a user's home directory (as
    returned by :func:`os.path.expanduser` with ``~`` construct). If the home
-   directory can't be resolved, :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised.
+   directory can't be resolved, :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised. If no user name
+   is given, the current user's home directory is used.
 
    ::
 
       >>> Path.home()
       PosixPath('/home/antoine')
+      >>> Path.home('barney')
+      PosixPath('/home/barney')
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.5
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.10
+      The *user* parameter was added.
+
 
 .. method:: Path.stat(*, follow_symlinks=True)
 
diff --git a/Lib/pathlib.py b/Lib/pathlib.py
index 37934c6038e1d1..e8dea2da08d1ba 100644
--- a/Lib/pathlib.py
+++ b/Lib/pathlib.py
@@ -1055,14 +1055,22 @@ def cwd(cls):
         """Return a new path pointing to the current working directory
         (as returned by os.getcwd()).
         """
-        return cls(cls()._accessor.getcwd())
+        return cls(cls._accessor.getcwd())
 
     @classmethod
-    def home(cls):
+    def home(cls, user=None):
         """Return a new path pointing to the user's home directory (as
         returned by os.path.expanduser('~')).
         """
-        return cls("~").expanduser()
+        tilde = "~"
+        if user is None:
+            user = ""
+        elif isinstance(user, bytes):
+            tilde = b"~"
+        homedir = cls._accessor.expanduser(tilde + user)
+        if homedir[:1] == tilde:
+            raise RuntimeError("Could not determine home directory.")
+        return cls(homedir)
 
     def samefile(self, other_path):
         """Return whether other_path is the same or not as this file
@@ -1488,9 +1496,7 @@ def expanduser(self):
         """
         if (not (self._drv or self._root) and
             self._parts and self._parts[0][:1] == '~'):
-            homedir = self._accessor.expanduser(self._parts[0])
-            if homedir[:1] == "~":
-                raise RuntimeError("Could not determine home directory.")
+            homedir = self.home(self.parts[0][1:])
             return self._from_parts([homedir] + self._parts[1:])
 
         return self
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py b/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py
index 6ed08f7e70ce3d..ce0aabfb9e3282 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_pathlib.py
@@ -2559,6 +2559,42 @@ def test_expanduser(self):
             self.assertEqual(p6.expanduser(), p6)
             self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, p7.expanduser)
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(pwd, 'getpwall'),
+                         'pwd module does not expose getpwall()')
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "vxworks",
+                     "no home directory on VxWorks")
+    def test_home(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        import_helper.import_module('pwd')
+        import pwd
+        pwdent = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())
+        username = pwdent.pw_name
+        userhome = pwdent.pw_dir.rstrip('/') or '/'
+        # Find arbitrary different user (if exists).
+        for pwdent in pwd.getpwall():
+            othername = pwdent.pw_name
+            otherhome = pwdent.pw_dir.rstrip('/')
+            if othername != username and otherhome:
+                break
+        else:
+            othername = username
+            otherhome = userhome
+
+        with os_helper.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
+            env.pop('HOME', None)
+
+            self.assertEqual(P.home(), P(userhome))
+            self.assertEqual(P.home(username), P(userhome))
+            self.assertEqual(P.home(othername), P(otherhome))
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, P.home, 'missinguser')
+
+            env['HOME'] = '/tmp'
+
+            self.assertEqual(P.home(), P('/tmp'))
+            self.assertEqual(P.home(username), P(userhome))
+            self.assertEqual(P.home(othername), P(otherhome))
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, P.home, 'missinguser')
+
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform != "darwin",
                      "Bad file descriptor in /dev/fd affects only macOS")
     def test_handling_bad_descriptor(self):
@@ -2654,6 +2690,43 @@ def check():
             env['HOME'] = 'C:\\Users\\eve'
             check()
 
+    def test_home(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        with os_helper.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
+            env.pop('HOME', None)
+            env.pop('USERPROFILE', None)
+            env.pop('HOMEPATH', None)
+            env.pop('HOMEDRIVE', None)
+            env['USERNAME'] = 'alice'
+
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, P.home)
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, P.home, 'alice')
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, P.home, 'bob')
+
+            def check():
+                env.pop('USERNAME', None)
+                self.assertEqual(P.home(), P('C:/Users/alice'))
+                self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, P.home, 'alice')
+                env['USERNAME'] = 'alice'
+                self.assertEqual(P.home('alice'), P('C:/Users/alice'))
+                self.assertEqual(P.home('bob'), P('C:/Users/bob'))
+
+            env['HOMEPATH'] = 'C:\\Users\\alice'
+            check()
+
+            env['HOMEDRIVE'] = 'C:\\'
+            env['HOMEPATH'] = 'Users\\alice'
+            check()
+
+            env.pop('HOMEDRIVE', None)
+            env.pop('HOMEPATH', None)
+            env['USERPROFILE'] = 'C:\\Users\\alice'
+            check()
+
+            # bpo-38883: ignore `HOME` when set on windows
+            env['HOME'] = 'C:\\Users\\eve'
+            check()
+
 
 class CompatiblePathTest(unittest.TestCase):
     """
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2021-04-08-20-07-43.bpo-25271.c27ipG.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2021-04-08-20-07-43.bpo-25271.c27ipG.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..88e6bd03a57284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2021-04-08-20-07-43.bpo-25271.c27ipG.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add *user* parameter to `pathlib.Path.home()`