diff --git a/.chloggen/locations-read-write-table.yaml b/.chloggen/locations-read-write-table.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..63e5cef10f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.chloggen/locations-read-write-table.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Use this changelog template to create an entry for release notes.
+
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: enhancement
+
+# The name of the component, or a single word describing the area of concern, (e.g. otlpreceiver)
+component: pdata/pprofile
+
+# A brief description of the change.  Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: Add new helper methods `FromLocationIndices` and `PutLocation` to read and modify the content of locations.
+
+# One or more tracking issues or pull requests related to the change
+issues: [13150]
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext:
+
+# Optional: The change log or logs in which this entry should be included.
+# e.g. '[user]' or '[user, api]'
+# Include 'user' if the change is relevant to end users.
+# Include 'api' if there is a change to a library API.
+# Default: '[user]'
+change_logs: []
diff --git a/pdata/pprofile/json_test.go b/pdata/pprofile/json_test.go
index b6279176198..5757f5340b6 100644
--- a/pdata/pprofile/json_test.go
+++ b/pdata/pprofile/json_test.go
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 package pprofile
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	jsoniter "github.com/json-iterator/go"
@@ -133,7 +131,6 @@ func TestJSONUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
 func TestJSONMarshal(t *testing.T) {
 	encoder := &JSONMarshaler{}
 	jsonBuf, err := encoder.MarshalProfiles(profilesOTLP)
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, "=================\n%#v\n----------------", string(jsonBuf))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.JSONEq(t, profilesJSON, string(jsonBuf))
 }
diff --git a/pdata/pprofile/line.go b/pdata/pprofile/line.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ae97b8f839e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pdata/pprofile/line.go
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package pprofile // import "go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pprofile"
+
+// Equal checks equality with another LineSlice
+func (l LineSlice) Equal(val LineSlice) bool {
+	if l.Len() != val.Len() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for i := range l.Len() {
+		if !l.At(i).Equal(val.At(i)) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+// Equal checks equality with another Line
+func (l Line) Equal(val Line) bool {
+	return l.Column() == val.Column() &&
+		l.FunctionIndex() == val.FunctionIndex() &&
+		l.Line() == val.Line()
+}
diff --git a/pdata/pprofile/line_test.go b/pdata/pprofile/line_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e40068487bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pdata/pprofile/line_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package pprofile
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestLineSliceEqual(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name string
+		orig LineSlice
+		dest LineSlice
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "with empty slices",
+			orig: NewLineSlice(),
+			dest: NewLineSlice(),
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with non-empty equal slices",
+			orig: func() LineSlice {
+				ls := NewLineSlice()
+				ls.AppendEmpty().SetLine(1)
+				return ls
+			}(),
+			dest: func() LineSlice {
+				ls := NewLineSlice()
+				ls.AppendEmpty().SetLine(1)
+				return ls
+			}(),
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with different lengths",
+			orig: func() LineSlice {
+				ls := NewLineSlice()
+				ls.AppendEmpty()
+				return ls
+			}(),
+			dest: NewLineSlice(),
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with non-equal slices",
+			orig: func() LineSlice {
+				ls := NewLineSlice()
+				ls.AppendEmpty().SetLine(2)
+				return ls
+			}(),
+			dest: func() LineSlice {
+				ls := NewLineSlice()
+				ls.AppendEmpty().SetLine(1)
+				return ls
+			}(),
+			want: false,
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tt.want {
+				assert.True(t, tt.orig.Equal(tt.dest))
+			} else {
+				assert.False(t, tt.orig.Equal(tt.dest))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLineEqual(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name string
+		orig Line
+		dest Line
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "with empty lines",
+			orig: NewLine(),
+			dest: NewLine(),
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with non-empty lines",
+			orig: buildLine(1, 2, 3),
+			dest: buildLine(1, 2, 3),
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with non-equal column",
+			orig: buildLine(1, 2, 3),
+			dest: buildLine(2, 2, 3),
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with non-equal function index",
+			orig: buildLine(1, 2, 3),
+			dest: buildLine(1, 3, 3),
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with non-equal line",
+			orig: buildLine(1, 2, 3),
+			dest: buildLine(1, 2, 4),
+			want: false,
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tt.want {
+				assert.True(t, tt.orig.Equal(tt.dest))
+			} else {
+				assert.False(t, tt.orig.Equal(tt.dest))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func buildLine(col int64, funcIdx int32, line int64) Line {
+	l := NewLine()
+	l.SetColumn(col)
+	l.SetFunctionIndex(funcIdx)
+	l.SetLine(line)
+
+	return l
+}
diff --git a/pdata/pprofile/location.go b/pdata/pprofile/location.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4edd7d388dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pdata/pprofile/location.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package pprofile // import "go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pprofile"
+
+// Equal checks equality with another Location
+func (l Location) Equal(val Location) bool {
+	return l.MappingIndex() == val.MappingIndex() &&
+		l.Address() == val.Address() &&
+		l.AttributeIndices().Equal(val.AttributeIndices()) &&
+		l.IsFolded() == val.IsFolded() &&
+		l.Line().Equal(val.Line())
+}
diff --git a/pdata/pprofile/location_test.go b/pdata/pprofile/location_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..970edf6dbce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pdata/pprofile/location_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package pprofile
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestLocationEqual(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name string
+		orig Location
+		dest Location
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty locations",
+			orig: NewLocation(),
+			dest: NewLocation(),
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "non-empty locations",
+			orig: buildLocation(1, 2, []int32{3}, true, buildLine(1, 2, 3)),
+			dest: buildLocation(1, 2, []int32{3}, true, buildLine(1, 2, 3)),
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with non-equal mapping index",
+			orig: buildLocation(1, 2, []int32{3}, true, buildLine(1, 2, 3)),
+			dest: buildLocation(2, 2, []int32{3}, true, buildLine(1, 2, 3)),
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with non-equal address",
+			orig: buildLocation(1, 2, []int32{3}, true, buildLine(1, 2, 3)),
+			dest: buildLocation(1, 3, []int32{3}, true, buildLine(1, 2, 3)),
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with non-equal attribute indices",
+			orig: buildLocation(1, 2, []int32{3}, true, buildLine(1, 2, 3)),
+			dest: buildLocation(1, 2, []int32{5}, true, buildLine(1, 2, 3)),
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with non-equal is folded",
+			orig: buildLocation(1, 2, []int32{3}, true, buildLine(1, 2, 3)),
+			dest: buildLocation(1, 2, []int32{3}, false, buildLine(1, 2, 3)),
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with non-equal lines",
+			orig: buildLocation(1, 2, []int32{3}, true, buildLine(4, 5, 6)),
+			dest: buildLocation(1, 2, []int32{3}, true, buildLine(1, 2, 3)),
+			want: false,
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tt.want {
+				assert.True(t, tt.orig.Equal(tt.dest))
+			} else {
+				assert.False(t, tt.orig.Equal(tt.dest))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func buildLocation(mapIdx int32, addr uint64, attrIdxs []int32, isFolded bool, line Line) Location {
+	l := NewLocation()
+	l.SetMappingIndex(mapIdx)
+	l.SetAddress(addr)
+	l.AttributeIndices().FromRaw(attrIdxs)
+	l.SetIsFolded(isFolded)
+	line.MoveTo(l.Line().AppendEmpty())
+	return l
+}
diff --git a/pdata/pprofile/locations.go b/pdata/pprofile/locations.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bf50ba59a2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pdata/pprofile/locations.go
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package pprofile // import "go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata/pprofile"
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+)
+
+// FromLocationIndices builds a slice containing all the locations of a Profile.
+// Updates made to the returned map will not be applied back to the Profile.
+func FromLocationIndices(table LocationSlice, record Profile) LocationSlice {
+	m := NewLocationSlice()
+	m.EnsureCapacity(record.LocationIndices().Len())
+
+	for _, idx := range record.LocationIndices().All() {
+		l := table.At(int(idx))
+		l.CopyTo(m.AppendEmpty())
+	}
+
+	return m
+}
+
+var errTooManyLocationTableEntries = errors.New("too many entries in LocationTable")
+
+// PutLocation updates a LocationTable and a Profile's LocationIndices to
+// add or update a location.
+func PutLocation(table LocationSlice, record Profile, loc Location) error {
+	for i, locIdx := range record.LocationIndices().All() {
+		idx := int(locIdx)
+		if idx < 0 || idx >= table.Len() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("index value %d out of range in LocationIndices[%d]", idx, i)
+		}
+		locAt := table.At(idx)
+		if locAt.Equal(loc) {
+			// Location already exists, nothing to do.
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	if record.LocationIndices().Len() >= math.MaxInt32 {
+		return errors.New("too many entries in LocationIndices")
+	}
+
+	for j, a := range table.All() {
+		if a.Equal(loc) {
+			if j > math.MaxInt32 {
+				return errTooManyLocationTableEntries
+			}
+			// Add the index of the existing location to the indices.
+			record.LocationIndices().Append(int32(j)) //nolint:gosec // overflow checked
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	if table.Len() >= math.MaxInt32 {
+		return errTooManyLocationTableEntries
+	}
+
+	loc.CopyTo(table.AppendEmpty())
+	record.LocationIndices().Append(int32(table.Len() - 1)) //nolint:gosec // overflow checked
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/pdata/pprofile/locations_test.go b/pdata/pprofile/locations_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..db8fff42143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pdata/pprofile/locations_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package pprofile
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestFromLocationIndices(t *testing.T) {
+	table := NewLocationSlice()
+	table.AppendEmpty().SetAddress(1)
+	table.AppendEmpty().SetAddress(2)
+
+	prof := NewProfile()
+	locs := FromLocationIndices(table, prof)
+	assert.Equal(t, locs, NewLocationSlice())
+
+	// Add a location
+	prof.LocationIndices().Append(0)
+	locs = FromLocationIndices(table, prof)
+
+	tLoc := NewLocationSlice()
+	tLoc.AppendEmpty().SetAddress(1)
+	assert.Equal(t, tLoc, locs)
+
+	// Add another location
+	prof.LocationIndices().Append(1)
+
+	locs = FromLocationIndices(table, prof)
+	assert.Equal(t, table, locs)
+}
+
+func TestPutLocation(t *testing.T) {
+	table := NewLocationSlice()
+	l := NewLocation()
+	l.SetAddress(1)
+	l2 := NewLocation()
+	l2.SetAddress(2)
+	l3 := NewLocation()
+	l3.SetAddress(3)
+	l4 := NewLocation()
+	l4.SetAddress(4)
+	prof := NewProfile()
+
+	// Put a first location
+	require.NoError(t, PutLocation(table, prof, l))
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, table.Len())
+	assert.Equal(t, []int32{0}, prof.LocationIndices().AsRaw())
+
+	// Put the same location
+	// This should be a no-op.
+	require.NoError(t, PutLocation(table, prof, l))
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, table.Len())
+	assert.Equal(t, []int32{0}, prof.LocationIndices().AsRaw())
+
+	// Special case: removing and adding again should not change the table as
+	// this can lead to multiple identical locations in the table.
+	prof.LocationIndices().FromRaw([]int32{})
+	require.NoError(t, PutLocation(table, prof, l))
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, table.Len())
+	assert.Equal(t, []int32{0}, prof.LocationIndices().AsRaw())
+
+	// Put a new location
+	// This adds an index and adds to the table.
+	require.NoError(t, PutLocation(table, prof, l2))
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, table.Len())
+	assert.Equal(t, []int32{0, 1}, prof.LocationIndices().AsRaw())
+
+	// Add a negative index to the prof.
+	prof.LocationIndices().Append(-1)
+	tableLen := table.Len()
+	indicesLen := prof.LocationIndices().Len()
+	// Try putting a new location, make sure it fails, and that table/indices didn't change.
+	require.Error(t, PutLocation(table, prof, l3))
+	require.Equal(t, tableLen, table.Len())
+	require.Equal(t, indicesLen, prof.LocationIndices().Len())
+
+	// Set the last index to the table length, which is out of range.
+	prof.LocationIndices().SetAt(indicesLen-1, int32(tableLen)) //nolint:gosec
+	// Try putting a new location, make sure it fails, and that table/indices didn't change.
+	require.Error(t, PutLocation(table, prof, l4))
+	require.Equal(t, tableLen, table.Len())
+	require.Equal(t, indicesLen, prof.LocationIndices().Len())
+}
+
+func BenchmarkFromLocationIndices(b *testing.B) {
+	table := NewLocationSlice()
+
+	for i := range 10 {
+		table.AppendEmpty().SetAddress(uint64(i)) //nolint:gosec // overflow checked
+	}
+
+	obj := NewProfile()
+	obj.LocationIndices().Append(1, 3, 7)
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+
+	for range b.N {
+		_ = FromLocationIndices(table, obj)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkPutLocation(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, bb := range []struct {
+		name     string
+		location Location
+
+		runBefore func(*testing.B, LocationSlice, Profile)
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "with a new location",
+			location: NewLocation(),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with an existing location",
+			location: func() Location {
+				l := NewLocation()
+				l.SetAddress(1)
+				return l
+			}(),
+
+			runBefore: func(_ *testing.B, table LocationSlice, _ Profile) {
+				l := table.AppendEmpty()
+				l.SetAddress(1)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "with a duplicate location",
+			location: NewLocation(),
+
+			runBefore: func(_ *testing.B, table LocationSlice, obj Profile) {
+				require.NoError(b, PutLocation(table, obj, NewLocation()))
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with a hundred locations to loop through",
+			location: func() Location {
+				l := NewLocation()
+				l.SetMappingIndex(1)
+				return l
+			}(),
+
+			runBefore: func(_ *testing.B, table LocationSlice, _ Profile) {
+				for i := range 100 {
+					l := table.AppendEmpty()
+					l.SetAddress(uint64(i)) //nolint:gosec // overflow checked
+				}
+
+				l := table.AppendEmpty()
+				l.SetMappingIndex(1)
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		b.Run(bb.name, func(b *testing.B) {
+			table := NewLocationSlice()
+			obj := NewProfile()
+
+			if bb.runBefore != nil {
+				bb.runBefore(b, table, obj)
+			}
+
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+
+			for range b.N {
+				_ = PutLocation(table, obj, bb.location)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}