diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 7689f059a1bd8..84ffd04b70260 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 - `transformprocessor`: Add new `limit` function to allow limiting the number of items in a map, such as the number of attributes in `attributes` or `resource.attributes` (#9552)
 - `processor/attributes`: Support attributes set by server authenticator (#9420)
 - `datadogexporter`: Experimental support for Exponential Histograms with delta aggregation temporality (#8350)
+- `resourcedetectionprocessor`: Add "cname" and "lookup" hostname sources
 
 ### 🧰 Bug fixes 🧰
 
diff --git a/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/README.md b/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/README.md
index 785b9b283bffc..6523285684cb2 100644
--- a/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/README.md
+++ b/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/README.md
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ processors:
 
 ### System metadata
 
+Note: use the Docker detector (see below) if running the Collector as a Docker container.
+
 Queries the host machine to retrieve the following resource attributes:
 
     * host.name
@@ -47,8 +49,30 @@ processors:
 * all valid options for `hostname_sources`:
     * "dns"
     * "os"
+    * "cname"
+    * "lookup"
 
-Note: use the Docker detector (see below) if running the Collector as a Docker container.
+#### Hostname Sources
+
+##### dns
+
+The "dns" hostname source uses multiple sources to get the fully qualified domain name. First, it looks up the
+host name in the local machine's `hosts` file. If that fails, it looks up the CNAME. Lastly, if that fails,
+it does a reverse DNS query. Note: this hostname source may produce unreliable results on Windows. To produce
+a FQDN, Windows hosts might have better results using the "lookup" hostname source, which is mentioned below.
+
+##### os
+
+The "os" hostname source provides the hostname provided by the local machine's kernel.
+
+##### cname
+
+The "cname" hostname source provides the canonical name, as provided by net.LookupCNAME in the Go standard library.
+Note: this hostname source may produce unreliable results on Windows.
+
+##### lookup
+
+The "lookup" hostname source does a reverse DNS lookup of the current host's IP address.
 
 ### Docker metadata
 
diff --git a/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/metadata.go b/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/metadata.go
index da1bd55e74bda..073594ea432ac 100644
--- a/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/metadata.go
+++ b/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/metadata.go
@@ -15,15 +15,38 @@
 package system // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system"
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/Showmax/go-fqdn"
 
 	"github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal"
 )
 
-type systemMetadata interface {
+// nameInfoProvider abstracts domain name resolution so it can be swapped for
+// testing
+type nameInfoProvider struct {
+	osHostname  func() (string, error)
+	lookupCNAME func(string) (string, error)
+	lookupHost  func(string) ([]string, error)
+	lookupAddr  func(string) ([]string, error)
+}
+
+// newNameInfoProvider creates a name info provider for production use, using
+// DNS to resolve domain names
+func newNameInfoProvider() nameInfoProvider {
+	return nameInfoProvider{
+		osHostname:  os.Hostname,
+		lookupCNAME: net.LookupCNAME,
+		lookupHost:  net.LookupHost,
+		lookupAddr:  net.LookupAddr,
+	}
+}
+
+type metadataProvider interface {
 	// Hostname returns the OS hostname
 	Hostname() (string, error)
 
@@ -32,18 +55,71 @@ type systemMetadata interface {
 
 	// OSType returns the host operating system
 	OSType() (string, error)
+
+	// LookupCNAME returns the canonical name for the current host
+	LookupCNAME() (string, error)
+
+	// ReverseLookupHost does a reverse DNS query on the current host's IP address
+	ReverseLookupHost() (string, error)
+}
+
+type systemMetadataProvider struct {
+	nameInfoProvider nameInfoProvider
 }
 
-type systemMetadataImpl struct{}
+func newSystemMetadataProvider() metadataProvider {
+	return systemMetadataProvider{nameInfoProvider: newNameInfoProvider()}
+}
 
-func (*systemMetadataImpl) OSType() (string, error) {
+func (systemMetadataProvider) OSType() (string, error) {
 	return internal.GOOSToOSType(runtime.GOOS), nil
 }
 
-func (*systemMetadataImpl) FQDN() (string, error) {
+func (systemMetadataProvider) FQDN() (string, error) {
 	return fqdn.FqdnHostname()
 }
 
-func (*systemMetadataImpl) Hostname() (string, error) {
-	return os.Hostname()
+func (p systemMetadataProvider) Hostname() (string, error) {
+	return p.nameInfoProvider.osHostname()
+}
+
+func (p systemMetadataProvider) LookupCNAME() (string, error) {
+	hostname, err := p.Hostname()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("LookupCNAME failed to get hostname: %w", err)
+	}
+	cname, err := p.nameInfoProvider.lookupCNAME(hostname)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("LookupCNAME failed to get CNAME: %w", err)
+	}
+	return strings.TrimRight(cname, "."), nil
+}
+
+func (p systemMetadataProvider) ReverseLookupHost() (string, error) {
+	hostname, err := p.Hostname()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("ReverseLookupHost failed to get hostname: %w", err)
+	}
+	return p.hostnameToDomainName(hostname)
+}
+
+func (p systemMetadataProvider) hostnameToDomainName(hostname string) (string, error) {
+	ipAddresses, err := p.nameInfoProvider.lookupHost(hostname)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("hostnameToDomainName failed to convert hostname to IP addresses: %w", err)
+	}
+	return p.reverseLookup(ipAddresses)
+}
+
+func (p systemMetadataProvider) reverseLookup(ipAddresses []string) (string, error) {
+	var err error
+	for _, ip := range ipAddresses {
+		var names []string
+		names, err = p.nameInfoProvider.lookupAddr(ip)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		return strings.TrimRight(names[0], "."), nil
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("reverseLookup failed to convert IP addresses to name: %w", err)
 }
diff --git a/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/metadata_test.go b/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/metadata_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3dba1fb2854a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/metadata_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package system
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestLookupCNAME_Linux(t *testing.T) {
+	p := fakeLinuxSystemMetadataProvider()
+	cname, err := p.LookupCNAME()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "my-linux-vm.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.xx.internal.foo.net", cname)
+}
+
+func TestLookupCNAME_Windows(t *testing.T) {
+	p := fakeWindowsSystemMetadataProvider()
+	cname, err := p.LookupCNAME()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "my-windows-vm.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.xx.internal.foo.net", cname)
+}
+
+func TestReverseLookupHost_Linux(t *testing.T) {
+	p := fakeLinuxSystemMetadataProvider()
+	fqdn, err := p.ReverseLookupHost()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "my-linux-vm.internal.foo.net", fqdn)
+}
+
+func TestReverseLookupHost_Windows(t *testing.T) {
+	p := fakeWindowsSystemMetadataProvider()
+	fqdn, err := p.ReverseLookupHost()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "my-windows-vm.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.xx.internal.foo.net", fqdn)
+}
+
+func fakeLinuxSystemMetadataProvider() *systemMetadataProvider {
+	return &systemMetadataProvider{
+		nameInfoProvider: fakeLinuxNameInfoProvider(),
+	}
+}
+
+func fakeWindowsSystemMetadataProvider() *systemMetadataProvider {
+	return &systemMetadataProvider{
+		nameInfoProvider: fakeWindowsNameInfoProvider(),
+	}
+}
+
+func fakeLinuxNameInfoProvider() nameInfoProvider {
+	return nameInfoProvider{
+		osHostname: func() (string, error) {
+			return "my-linux-vm", nil
+		},
+		lookupCNAME: func(s string) (string, error) {
+			return "my-linux-vm.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.xx.internal.foo.net.", nil
+		},
+		lookupHost: func(s string) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"172.24.0.4"}, nil
+		},
+		lookupAddr: func(s string) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"my-linux-vm.internal.foo.net."}, nil
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func fakeWindowsNameInfoProvider() nameInfoProvider {
+	fqdn := "my-windows-vm.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.xx.internal.foo.net."
+	return nameInfoProvider{
+		osHostname: func() (string, error) {
+			return "my-windows-vm", nil
+		},
+		lookupCNAME: func(s string) (string, error) {
+			return fqdn, nil
+		},
+		lookupHost: func(s string) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"ffff::0000:1111:2222:3333%Ethernet", "1.2.3.4"}, nil
+		},
+		lookupAddr: func(s string) ([]string, error) {
+			if strings.HasSuffix(s, "%Ethernet") {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("lookup %s: unrecognized address", s)
+			}
+			return []string{fqdn}, nil
+		},
+	}
+}
diff --git a/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/system.go b/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/system.go
index 1d5eb9c446ace..892d6e81fb1eb 100644
--- a/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/system.go
+++ b/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/system.go
@@ -33,15 +33,17 @@ const (
 )
 
 var hostnameSourcesMap = map[string]func(*Detector) (string, error){
-	"dns": getFQDN,
-	"os":  getHostname,
+	"os":     getHostname,
+	"dns":    getFQDN,
+	"cname":  lookupCNAME,
+	"lookup": reverseLookupHost,
 }
 
 var _ internal.Detector = (*Detector)(nil)
 
 // Detector is a system metadata detector
 type Detector struct {
-	provider        systemMetadata
+	provider        metadataProvider
 	logger          *zap.Logger
 	hostnameSources []string
 }
@@ -52,7 +54,8 @@ func NewDetector(p component.ProcessorCreateSettings, dcfg internal.DetectorConf
 	if len(cfg.HostnameSources) == 0 {
 		cfg.HostnameSources = []string{"dns", "os"}
 	}
-	return &Detector{provider: &systemMetadataImpl{}, logger: p.Logger, hostnameSources: cfg.HostnameSources}, nil
+
+	return &Detector{provider: newSystemMetadataProvider(), logger: p.Logger, hostnameSources: cfg.HostnameSources}, nil
 }
 
 // Detect detects system metadata and returns a resource with the available ones
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ func (d *Detector) Detect(_ context.Context) (resource pcommon.Resource, schemaU
 		d.logger.Debug(err.Error())
 	}
 
-	return res, "", errors.New("all hostname sources are failed to get hostname")
+	return res, "", errors.New("all hostname sources failed to get hostname")
 }
 
 // getHostname returns OS hostname
@@ -94,7 +97,23 @@ func getHostname(d *Detector) (string, error) {
 func getFQDN(d *Detector) (string, error) {
 	hostname, err := d.provider.FQDN()
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed getting FQDN: %w", err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("getFQDN failed getting FQDN: %w", err)
+	}
+	return hostname, nil
+}
+
+func lookupCNAME(d *Detector) (string, error) {
+	cname, err := d.provider.LookupCNAME()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("lookupCNAME failed to get CNAME: %w", err)
+	}
+	return cname, nil
+}
+
+func reverseLookupHost(d *Detector) (string, error) {
+	hostname, err := d.provider.ReverseLookupHost()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("reverseLookupHost failed to lookup host: %w", err)
 	}
 	return hostname, nil
 }
diff --git a/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/system_test.go b/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/system_test.go
index 93642b026b443..075266f95ad2c 100644
--- a/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/system_test.go
+++ b/processor/resourcedetectionprocessor/internal/system/system_test.go
@@ -48,6 +48,16 @@ func (m *mockMetadata) OSType() (string, error) {
 	return args.String(0), args.Error(1)
 }
 
+func (m *mockMetadata) LookupCNAME() (string, error) {
+	args := m.MethodCalled("LookupCNAME")
+	return args.String(0), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *mockMetadata) ReverseLookupHost() (string, error) {
+	args := m.MethodCalled("ReverseLookupHost")
+	return args.String(0), args.Error(1)
+}
+
 func TestNewDetector(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name string