[receiver/libhoney] New receiver for libhoney (#36706)

<!--Ex. Fixing a bug - Describe the bug and how this fixes the issue.
Ex. Adding a feature - Explain what this achieves.-->
#### Description

Creates a new receiver that accepts libhoney traffic as either logs or
traces.

This PR doesn't do the conversion yet. Just contains configurations and
some factory components.

<!-- Issue number (e.g. #1234) or full URL to issue, if applicable. -->
#### Link to tracking issue

#36693

Author: mterhar

.chloggen/initial_libhoneyreceiver.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Use this changelog template to create an entry for release notes.
+
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: new_component
+
+# The name of the component, or a single word describing the area of concern, (e.g. filelogreceiver)
+component: libhoneyreceiver
+
+# A brief description of the change.  Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: Introduce the scaffolding of a new component, libhoneyreceiver
+
+# Mandatory: One or more tracking issues related to the change. You can use the PR number here if no issue exists.
+issues: [36693]
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext:
+
+# If your change doesn't affect end users or the exported elements of any package,
+# you should instead start your pull request title with [chore] or use the "Skip Changelog" label.
+# Optional: The change log or logs in which this entry should be included.
+# e.g. '[user]' or '[user, api]'
+# Include 'user' if the change is relevant to end users.
+# Include 'api' if there is a change to a library API.
+# Default: '[user]'
+change_logs: []

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -244,6 +244,7 @@ receiver/k8sobjectsreceiver/                      @open-telemetry/collector-cont
 receiver/kafkametricsreceiver/                    @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @dmitryax
 receiver/kafkareceiver/                           @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @pavolloffay @MovieStoreGuy
 receiver/kubeletstatsreceiver/                    @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @dmitryax @TylerHelmuth @ChrsMark
+receiver/libhoneyreceiver/                        @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @TylerHelmuth
 receiver/lokireceiver/                            @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @mar4uk
 receiver/memcachedreceiver/                       @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @djaglowski
 receiver/mongodbatlasreceiver/                    @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @schmikei

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yaml

@@ -241,6 +241,7 @@ body:
       - receiver/kafka
       - receiver/kafkametrics
       - receiver/kubeletstats
+      - receiver/libhoney
       - receiver/loki
       - receiver/memcached
       - receiver/mongodb

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yaml

@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ body:
       - receiver/kafka
       - receiver/kafkametrics
       - receiver/kubeletstats
+      - receiver/libhoney
       - receiver/loki
       - receiver/memcached
       - receiver/mongodb

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/other.yaml

@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ body:
       - receiver/kafka
       - receiver/kafkametrics
       - receiver/kubeletstats
+      - receiver/libhoney
       - receiver/loki
       - receiver/memcached
       - receiver/mongodb

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/unmaintained.yaml

@@ -240,6 +240,7 @@ body:
       - receiver/kafka
       - receiver/kafkametrics
       - receiver/kubeletstats
+      - receiver/libhoney
       - receiver/loki
       - receiver/memcached
       - receiver/mongodb

receiver/libhoneyreceiver/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+include ../../Makefile.Common
+

receiver/libhoneyreceiver/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Libhoney Receiver
+<!-- status autogenerated section -->
+| Status        |           |
+| ------------- |-----------|
+| Stability     | [development]: traces, logs   |
+| Distributions | [] |
+| Issues        | [![Open issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-search/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib?query=is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20label%3Areceiver%2Flibhoney%20&label=open&color=orange&logo=opentelemetry)](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Areceiver%2Flibhoney) [![Closed issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-search/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib?query=is%3Aissue%20is%3Aclosed%20label%3Areceiver%2Flibhoney%20&label=closed&color=blue&logo=opentelemetry)](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/issues?q=is%3Aclosed+is%3Aissue+label%3Areceiver%2Flibhoney) |
+| [Code Owners](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#becoming-a-code-owner)    | [@TylerHelmuth](https://www.github.com/TylerHelmuth) |
+
+[development]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/blob/main/docs/component-stability.md#development
+<!-- end autogenerated section -->
+
+### The purpose and use-cases of the new component
+
+The Libhoney receiver will accept data for either Trace or Logs signals that are emitted from applications that were
+instrumented using [Libhoney](https://docs.honeycomb.io/send-data/logs/structured/libhoney/) libraries.
+
+## Configuration
+
+The configuration has 2 parts, One is the HTTP receiver configuration and the rest is about mapping attributes from the
+freeform libhoney format into the more structured OpenTelemetry objects.
+
+### Example configuration for the component
+
+The following settings are required:
+
+- `http`
+  - `endpoint` must set an endpoint. Defaults to `127.0.0.1:8080`
+- `resources`: if the `service.name` field is different, map it here.
+- `scopes`: to get the `library.name` and `library.version` set in the scope section, set them here.
+- `attributes`: if the other trace-related data have different keys, map them here, defaults are otlp-like field names.
+
+The following setting is required for refinery traffic since:
+
+- `auth_api`: should be set to `https://api.honeycomb.io` or a proxy that forwards to that host.
+  Some libhoney software checks `/1/auth` to get environment names so it needs to be passed through.
+
+
+```yaml
+  libhoney:
+    http:
+      endpoint: 0.0.0.0:8088
+      traces_url_paths:
+        - "/1/events"
+        - "/1/batch"
+      include_metadata: true
+    auth_api: https://api.honeycomb.io
+    resources:
+      service_name: service_name
+    scopes:
+      library_name: library.name
+      library_version: library.version
+    attributes:
+      trace_id: trace_id
+      parent_id: parent_id
+      span_id: span_id
+      name: name
+      error: error
+      spankind: span.kind
+      durationFields:
+        - duration_ms
+```
+
+### Telemetry data types supported
+
+It will subscribe to the Traces and Logs signals but accept traffic destined for either pipeline using one http receiver
+component. Libhoney doesnot differentiate between the two so the receiver will identify which pipeline to deliver the 
+spans or log records to.
+
+No support for metrics since they'd look just like logs.

receiver/libhoneyreceiver/config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package libhoneyreceiver // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/receiver/libhoneyreceiver"
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"path"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/config/confighttp"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/confmap"
+)
+
+// Config represents the receiver config settings within the collector's config.yaml
+type Config struct {
+	HTTP       *HTTPConfig      `mapstructure:"http"`
+	AuthAPI    string           `mapstructure:"auth_api"`
+	Wrapper    string           `mapstructure:"wrapper"`
+	Resources  ResourcesConfig  `mapstructure:"resources"`
+	Scopes     ScopesConfig     `mapstructure:"scopes"`
+	Attributes AttributesConfig `mapstructure:"attributes"`
+}
+
+type HTTPConfig struct {
+	*confighttp.ServerConfig `mapstructure:",squash"`
+
+	// The URL path to receive traces on. If omitted "/" will be used.
+	TracesURLPaths []string `mapstructure:"traces_url_paths,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ResourcesConfig struct {
+	ServiceName string `mapstructure:"service_name"`
+}
+
+type ScopesConfig struct {
+	LibraryName    string `mapstructure:"library_name"`
+	LibraryVersion string `mapstructure:"library_version"`
+}
+
+type AttributesConfig struct {
+	TraceID        string   `mapstructure:"trace_id"`
+	ParentID       string   `mapstructure:"parent_id"`
+	SpanID         string   `mapstructure:"span_id"`
+	Name           string   `mapstructure:"name"`
+	Error          string   `mapstructure:"error"`
+	SpanKind       string   `mapstructure:"spankind"`
+	DurationFields []string `mapstructure:"durationFields"`
+}
+
+func (cfg *Config) Validate() error {
+	if cfg.HTTP == nil {
+		return errors.New("must specify at least one protocol when using the arbitrary JSON receiver")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (cfg *Config) Unmarshal(conf *confmap.Conf) error {
+	// first load the config normally
+	err := conf.Unmarshal(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !conf.IsSet("http") {
+		cfg.HTTP = nil
+	} else {
+		var err error
+
+		for idx := range cfg.HTTP.TracesURLPaths {
+			if cfg.HTTP.TracesURLPaths[idx], err = sanitizeURLPath(cfg.HTTP.TracesURLPaths[idx]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if cleanURL, err := url.Parse(cfg.AuthAPI); err != nil {
+		cfg.AuthAPI = cleanURL.String()
+	} else {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func sanitizeURLPath(urlPath string) (string, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(urlPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid HTTP URL path set for signal: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !path.IsAbs(u.Path) {
+		u.Path = "/" + u.Path
+	}
+	return u.Path, nil
+}

receiver/libhoneyreceiver/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+//go:generate mdatagen metadata.yaml
+
+package libhoneyreceiver // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/receiver/libhoneyreceiver"