diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasAttributes.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasAttributes.php
index 9f266da74881..978b29262f02 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasAttributes.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Concerns/HasAttributes.php
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 use ReflectionNamedType;
 use RuntimeException;
 use Stringable;
+use Throwable;
 use ValueError;
 
 use function Illuminate\Support\enum_value;
@@ -221,15 +222,23 @@ public function attributesToArray()
             $attributes = $this->getArrayableAttributes()
         );
 
+        $mutatedAttributes = array_values(
+            array_filter(array_keys($attributes), function ($key) {
+                return $this->hasAnyGetMutator($key);
+            })
+        );
+
         $attributes = $this->addMutatedAttributesToArray(
-            $attributes, $mutatedAttributes = $this->getMutatedAttributes()
+            $attributes,
+            $mutatedAttributes,
         );
 
         // Next we will handle any casts that have been setup for this model and cast
         // the values to their appropriate type. If the attribute has a mutator we
         // will not perform the cast on those attributes to avoid any confusion.
         $attributes = $this->addCastAttributesToArray(
-            $attributes, $mutatedAttributes
+            $attributes,
+            $mutatedAttributes
         );
 
         // Here we will grab all of the appended, calculated attributes to this model
@@ -687,7 +696,13 @@ public function hasAttributeGetMutator($key)
             return static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key] = false;
         }
 
-        return static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key] = is_callable($this->{Str::camel($key)}()->get);
+        try {
+            $attribute = $this->{Str::camel($key)}();
+
+            return static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key] = is_callable($attribute->get);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            return static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key] = false;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -752,8 +767,7 @@ protected function mutateAttributeForArray($key, $value)
     {
         if ($this->isClassCastable($key)) {
             $value = $this->getClassCastableAttributeValue($key, $value);
-        } elseif (isset(static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key]) &&
-                  static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key] === true) {
+        } elseif ($this->hasAttributeGetMutator($key)) {
             $value = $this->mutateAttributeMarkedAttribute($key, $value);
 
             $value = $value instanceof DateTimeInterface
@@ -2449,8 +2463,12 @@ public static function cacheMutatedAttributes($classOrInstance)
 
         $class = $reflection->getName();
 
-        static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[$class] = (new Collection($attributeMutatorMethods = static::getAttributeMarkedMutatorMethods($classOrInstance)))
-            ->mapWithKeys(fn ($match) => [lcfirst(static::$snakeAttributes ? Str::snake($match) : $match) => true])
+        $attributeMutatorMethods = static::getAttributeMarkedMutatorMethods($classOrInstance);
+
+        static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[$class] = (new Collection($attributeMutatorMethods))
+            ->mapWithKeys(fn ($match) => [
+                lcfirst(static::$snakeAttributes ? Str::snake($match) : $match) => true,
+            ])
             ->all();
 
         static::$mutatorCache[$class] = (new Collection(static::getMutatorMethods($class)))
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentModelTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentModelTest.php
index dd724ac2e389..8ca73d515b07 100755
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentModelTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentModelTest.php
@@ -3546,6 +3546,144 @@ public function testDefaultBuilderIsUsedWhenUseEloquentBuilderAttributeIsNotPres
 
         $this->assertNotInstanceOf(CustomBuilder::class, $eloquentBuilder);
     }
+
+    public function testAccessorsNotCalledForNonVisibleAttributes()
+    {
+        $model = new class extends Model
+        {
+            protected $visible = ['id', 'name'];
+            protected $attributes = ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Test'];
+
+            public $locationAccessorCalled = false;
+            public $timezoneAccessorCalled = false;
+
+            protected function location(): Attribute
+            {
+                $this->locationAccessorCalled = true;
+
+                return Attribute::make(
+                    get: fn () => 'Paris',
+                );
+            }
+
+            protected function timezone(): Attribute
+            {
+                $this->timezoneAccessorCalled = true;
+
+                return Attribute::make(
+                    get: fn () => 'Europe/Paris',
+                );
+            }
+        };
+
+        $array = $model->toArray();
+
+        $this->assertFalse($model->locationAccessorCalled, 'Location accessor should not be called for non-visible attributes');
+        $this->assertFalse($model->timezoneAccessorCalled, 'Timezone accessor should not be called for non-visible attributes');
+        $this->assertArrayNotHasKey('location', $array);
+        $this->assertArrayNotHasKey('timezone', $array);
+        $this->assertEquals(['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Test'], $array);
+    }
+
+    public function testAccessorsCalledForVisibleAttributes()
+    {
+        $model = new class extends Model
+        {
+            protected $visible = ['id', 'name', 'location'];
+            protected $attributes = ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Test', 'location' => 'original'];
+
+            public $locationAccessorCalled = false;
+
+            protected function location(): Attribute
+            {
+                $this->locationAccessorCalled = true;
+
+                return Attribute::make(
+                    get: fn ($value) => 'Paris',
+                );
+            }
+        };
+
+        $array = $model->toArray();
+
+        $this->assertTrue($model->locationAccessorCalled, 'Location accessor should be called for visible attributes');
+        $this->assertArrayHasKey('location', $array);
+        $this->assertEquals('Paris', $array['location']);
+        $this->assertEquals(['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Test', 'location' => 'Paris'], $array);
+    }
+
+    public function testAccessorsNotCalledForHiddenAttributes()
+    {
+        $model = new class extends Model
+        {
+            protected $hidden = ['location'];
+            protected $attributes = ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Test', 'location' => 'original'];
+
+            public $locationAccessorCalled = false;
+
+            protected function location(): Attribute
+            {
+                $this->locationAccessorCalled = true;
+
+                return Attribute::make(
+                    get: fn ($value) => 'Paris',
+                );
+            }
+        };
+
+        $array = $model->toArray();
+
+        $this->assertFalse($model->locationAccessorCalled, 'Location accessor should not be called for hidden attributes');
+        $this->assertArrayNotHasKey('location', $array);
+        $this->assertEquals(['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Test'], $array);
+    }
+
+    public function testSetOnlyAttributeMutatorDoesNotBreakSerialization()
+    {
+        $model = new class extends Model
+        {
+            protected $visible = ['id', 'name', 'foo'];
+            protected $attributes = ['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Test', 'foo' => 'ORIGINAL'];
+
+            protected function foo(): Attribute
+            {
+                return Attribute::make(
+                    set: function ($value) {
+                        return ['foo' => strtolower($value)];
+                    }
+                );
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Set the attribute using the set mutator
+        $model->foo = 'BAR';
+
+        $array = $model->toArray();
+
+        // Should not crash and should still include the "foo" attribute.
+        $this->assertArrayHasKey('foo', $array);
+    }
+
+    public function testHiddenAttributeAccessorIsNotInvokedDuringSerialization()
+    {
+        $model = new class extends Model
+        {
+            protected $hidden = ['dangerous'];
+
+            protected function dangerous(): Attribute
+            {
+                return Attribute::make(
+                    get: function () {
+                        throw new \RuntimeException('Hidden attribute accessor should not be invoked');
+                    }
+                );
+            }
+        };
+
+        $array = $model->toArray();
+
+        $this->assertArrayNotHasKey('dangerous', $array);
+    }
 }
 
 class CustomBuilder extends Builder