[exporter/azureblobexporter] New component for azureblobexporter skeleton - First PR (open-telemetry#37788)

<!--Ex. Fixing a bug - Describe the bug and how this fixes the issue.
Ex. Adding a feature - Explain what this achieves.-->
#### Description

First PR for new component, azureblobexporter.

<!-- Issue number (e.g. open-telemetry#1234) or full URL to issue, if applicable. -->
#### Link to tracking issue

open-telemetry#34319 

<!--Describe what testing was performed and which tests were added.-->
#### Testing

No tests at this point.

<!--Describe the documentation added.-->
#### Documentation

As `README.md` showed.

This is the first PR for new exporter component, Azure Blob exporter.
After this PR merged, I'll add another implementation PR.

<!--Please delete paragraphs that you did not use before submitting.-->

Author: hgaol

.chloggen/azureblob-exporter-skeleton.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Use this changelog template to create an entry for release notes.
+
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: new_component
+
+# The name of the component, or a single word describing the area of concern, (e.g. filelogreceiver)
+component: azureblobexporter
+
+# A brief description of the change.  Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: Add new exporter for sending telemetry to Azure Storage Blob
+
+# Mandatory: One or more tracking issues related to the change. You can use the PR number here if no issue exists.
+issues: [35717]
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext:
+
+# If your change doesn't affect end users or the exported elements of any package,
+# you should instead start your pull request title with [chore] or use the "Skip Changelog" label.
+# Optional: The change log or logs in which this entry should be included.
+# e.g. '[user]' or '[user, api]'
+# Include 'user' if the change is relevant to end users.
+# Include 'api' if there is a change to a library API.
+# Default: '[user]'
+change_logs: [user]

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ exporter/awsemfexporter/                                         @open-telemetry
 exporter/awskinesisexporter/                                     @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @Aneurysm9 @MovieStoreGuy
 exporter/awss3exporter/                                          @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @atoulme @pdelewski
 exporter/awsxrayexporter/                                        @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @wangzlei @srprash
+exporter/azureblobexporter/                                      @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @hgaol
 exporter/azuredataexplorerexporter/                              @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @ag-ramachandran
 exporter/azuremonitorexporter/                                   @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @pcwiese @hgaol
 exporter/bmchelixexporter/                                       @open-telemetry/collector-contrib-approvers @bertysentry @NassimBtk @MovieStoreGuy

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yaml

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ body:
       - exporter/awskinesis
       - exporter/awss3
       - exporter/awsxray
+      - exporter/azureblob
       - exporter/azuredataexplorer
       - exporter/azuremonitor
       - exporter/bmchelix

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yaml

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ body:
       - exporter/awskinesis
       - exporter/awss3
       - exporter/awsxray
+      - exporter/azureblob
       - exporter/azuredataexplorer
       - exporter/azuremonitor
       - exporter/bmchelix

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/other.yaml

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ body:
       - exporter/awskinesis
       - exporter/awss3
       - exporter/awsxray
+      - exporter/azureblob
       - exporter/azuredataexplorer
       - exporter/azuremonitor
       - exporter/bmchelix

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/unmaintained.yaml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ body:
       - exporter/awskinesis
       - exporter/awss3
       - exporter/awsxray
+      - exporter/azureblob
       - exporter/azuredataexplorer
       - exporter/azuremonitor
       - exporter/bmchelix

cmd/otelcontribcol/builder-config.yaml

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ exporters:
   - gomod: github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/awss3exporter v0.120.0
   - gomod: github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/awsxrayexporter v0.120.0
   - gomod: github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/azuredataexplorerexporter v0.120.0
+  - gomod: github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/azureblobexporter v0.120.0
   - gomod: github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/azuremonitorexporter v0.120.0
   - gomod: github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/bmchelixexporter v0.120.0
   - gomod: github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/carbonexporter v0.120.0

exporter/azureblobexporter/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include ../../Makefile.Common

exporter/azureblobexporter/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Azure Blob Exporter for OpenTelemetry Collector
+
+<!-- status autogenerated section -->
+| Status        |           |
+| ------------- |-----------|
+| Stability     | [development]: traces, metrics, logs   |
+| Distributions | [] |
+| Issues        | [![Open issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-search/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib?query=is%3Aissue%20is%3Aopen%20label%3Aexporter%2Fazureblob%20&label=open&color=orange&logo=opentelemetry)](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Aexporter%2Fazureblob) [![Closed issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-search/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib?query=is%3Aissue%20is%3Aclosed%20label%3Aexporter%2Fazureblob%20&label=closed&color=blue&logo=opentelemetry)](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/issues?q=is%3Aclosed+is%3Aissue+label%3Aexporter%2Fazureblob) |
+| [Code Owners](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#becoming-a-code-owner)    | [@hgaol](https://www.github.com/hgaol) |
+
+[development]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/blob/main/docs/component-stability.md#development
+<!-- end autogenerated section -->
+
+## Configuration
+
+The following settings are required:
+
+- url: Must be specified if auth type is not connection_string. If auth type is connection_string, it's optional or will be override by the auth.connection_string. Azure storage account endpoint. This setting might be replaced with `endpoint` for future. e.g. https://<account-name>.blob.core.windows.net/
+- auth (no default): Authentication method for exporter to ingest data.
+  - type (no default): Authentication type for expoter. supported values are: connection_string, service_principal, system_managed_identity, user_managed_identity and etc.
+  - tenand_id: Tenand Id for the client, only needed when type is service_principal.
+  - client_id: Client Id for the auth, only needed when type is service_principal and user_managed_identity.
+  - client_secret: Secret for the client, only needed when type is service_principal.
+  - connection_string: Connection string to the endpoint. Only needed for connection_string auth type. Once provided, it'll **override** the `url` parameter to the storage account.
+
+
+The following settings can be optionally configured and have default values:
+
+- container: container for metrics, logs and traces. A container organizes a set of blobs, similar to a directory in a file system. More details can refer [this](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/storage-blobs-introduction#containers).
+  - metrics (default `metrics`): container to store metrics. default value is `metrics`.
+  - logs (default `logs`): container to store logs. default value is `logs`.
+  - traces (default `traces`): container to store traces. default value is `traces`.
+- blob_name_format:
+  - metrics_format (default `2006/01/02/metrics_15_04_05_{{.SerialNum}}.{{.FileExtension}}`): blob name format. The date format follows constants in Golang, refer [here](https://go.dev/src/time/format.go).
+  - logs_format (default `2006/01/02/logs_15_04_05_{{.SerialNum}}.{{.FileExtension}}`): blob name format.
+  - traces_format (default `2006/01/02/traces_15_04_05_{{.SerialNum}}.{{.FileExtension}}`): blob name format.
+  - serial_num_range (default `10000`): a range of random number for SerialNum.
+- format (default `json`): `json` or `proto`. which present otel json or otel protobuf format, the file extension will be `json` or `pb`.
+- encoding (default none): if specified, uses an encoding extension to encode telemetry data. Overrides format.
+
+An example configuration is provided as follows:
+
+```yaml
+azureblobexporter:
+  url: "https://<your-account>.blob.core.windows.net/"
+  container:
+    logs: "logs"
+    metrics: "metrics"
+    traces: "traces"
+  auth:
+    type: "connection_string"
+    connection_string: "DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=<your-acount>;AccountKey=<account-key>;EndpointSuffix=core.windows.net"
+```

exporter/azureblobexporter/config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package azureblobexporter // import "github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/exporter/azureblobexporter"
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/component"
+)
+
+type TelemetryConfig struct {
+	Logs    string `mapstructure:"logs"`
+	Metrics string `mapstructure:"metrics"`
+	Traces  string `mapstructure:"traces"`
+}
+
+type (
+	Container TelemetryConfig
+	BlobName  TelemetryConfig
+)
+
+type BlobNameFormat struct {
+	MetricsFormat  string            `mapstructure:"metrics_format"`
+	LogsFormat     string            `mapstructure:"logs_format"`
+	TracesFormat   string            `mapstructure:"traces_format"`
+	SerialNumRange int64             `mapstructure:"serial_num_range"`
+	Params         map[string]string `mapstructure:"params"`
+}
+
+type Authentication struct {
+	// Type is the authentication type. supported values are connection_string, service_principal, system_managed_identity and user_managed_identity
+	Type AuthType `mapstructure:"type"`
+
+	// TenantID is the tenand id for the AAD App. It's only needed when type is service principal.
+	TenantID string `mapstructure:"tenant_id"`
+
+	// ClientID is the AAD Application client id. It's needed when type is service principal or user managed identity
+	ClientID string `mapstructure:"client_id"`
+	// ClientSecret only needed when auth type is service_principal
+
+	ClientSecret string `mapstructure:"client_secret"`
+
+	// ConnectionString to the endpoint.
+	ConnectionString string `mapstructure:"connection_string"`
+}
+
+type AuthType string
+
+const (
+	ConnectionString      AuthType = "connection_string"
+	SystemManagedIdentity AuthType = "system_managed_identity"
+	UserManagedIdentity   AuthType = "user_managed_identity"
+	ServicePrincipal      AuthType = "service_principal"
+)
+
+// Config contains the main configuration options for the azure storage blob exporter
+type Config struct {
+	URL            string          `mapstructure:"url"`
+	Container      *Container      `mapstructure:"container"`
+	Auth           *Authentication `mapstructure:"auth"`
+	BlobNameFormat *BlobNameFormat `mapstructure:"blob_name_format"`
+	FormatType     string          `mapstructure:"format"`
+	// Encoding to apply. If present, overrides the marshaler configuration option.
+	Encoding *component.ID `mapstructure:"encoding"`
+}
+
+func (c *Config) Validate() error {
+	if c.URL == "" && c.Auth.Type != ConnectionString {
+		return errors.New("url cannot be empty when auth type is not connection_string")
+	}
+
+	switch c.Auth.Type {
+	case ConnectionString:
+		if c.Auth.ConnectionString == "" {
+			return errors.New("connection_string cannot be empty when auth type is connection_string")
+		}
+	case ServicePrincipal:
+		if c.Auth.TenantID == "" || c.Auth.ClientID == "" || c.Auth.ClientSecret == "" {
+			return errors.New("tenant_id, client_id and client_secret cannot be empty when auth type is service-principal")
+		}
+	case UserManagedIdentity:
+		if c.Auth.ClientID == "" {
+			return errors.New("client_id cannot be empty when auth type is user_managed_identity")
+		}
+	}
+
+	if c.FormatType != formatTypeJSON && c.FormatType != formatTypeProto {
+		return errors.New("unknown format type: " + c.FormatType)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}